What fluid is primarily used for resuscitation in trauma patients?

The primary fluid used for resuscitation in trauma patients is normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution. These isotonic fluids are specifically designed to restore volume and maintain electrolyte balance in patients who have lost blood or fluids due to trauma.

Normal saline, which contains sodium chloride, helps in expanding intravascular volume, thereby improving blood pressure and circulation to vital organs. Lactated Ringer's solution contains not only sodium chloride but also electrolytes like potassium and calcium, along with lactate, which can help buffer acidosis—a common consequence of traumatic injuries.

Both solutions are advantageous in emergency settings as they are readily available, easily administered, and well tolerated by most patients. In contrast, glucose solutions are primarily used to manage hypoglycemia and provide energy but do not effectively restore intravascular volume. Colloids like Dextran can be used in certain situations but are less common for initial resuscitation due to cost and potential side effects. Plain water is hypotonic and not suitable for intravenous resuscitation, as it can lead to hemolysis and fluid shifts that may worsen a patient's condition.

Because of these factors, normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution are considered the standard for initial fluid resuscitation in