If both extravasation and infiltration occur, what is the recommended protocol?

The recommended protocol in the case of both extravasation and infiltration is to stop the infusion, secure the catheter in place, and not remove it. This approach is critical because secure placement helps to maintain access for potential future treatments, particularly if further interventions are needed. By halting administration of the fluid, further complications can be avoided, as both extravasation—where medications leak into surrounding tissue—and infiltration—occurring when IV fluids enter tissues instead of the bloodstream—can result in tissue damage.

Additionally, leaving the catheter in place allows for possible use of it in administering antidotes or medications that might mitigate the effects of the extravasation, should that be necessary. The priority is to assess the extent of the injury while minimizing further harm. Decisions regarding further management, such as applying cold or warm compresses or consulting with a physician, can be made once the immediate situation is stabilized.

Other options would not provide the necessary protective measures for the patient. Immediate removal of the catheter may compromise future access and does not allow for further treatment interventions. Switching fluids or continuing the infusion at a slower rate could exacerbate the situation, inflating the risks associated with the tissue damage already present.